Total interest is equivalent to Base Interest plus Bonus Interest; where current Base Interest is 0.05% p.a., Bonus Interest is paid up to S$100,000 in your One Account. Base Interest is calculated at the end of each day based on each day-end balance and Bonus Interest is calculated at the end of each calendar month based on the monthly average balance. Monthly average balance is the summation of each day end balance for each month divided by the number of calendar days for that month.

Maximum effective interest rate (EIR) on the One Account is 0.65% p.a. for deposits of S$75,000, provided customers meet criterion of S$500 eligible card spend in each calendar month.

Maximum effective interest rate (EIR) on the One Account is 3.00% p.a. for deposits of S$75,000, provided customers meet both criteria of S$500 eligible card spend AND 3 GIRO debit transactions in each calendar month. 

The maximum annual interest for deposits of S$100,000 in the One Account is S$5,000 and is calculated based on the maximum effective interest rate (EIR) of 5.00% p.a., provided customers meet both criteria of S$500 eligible card spend AND a min. S$1,600 salary credit via GIRO/PAYNOW (with the transaction reference “SALA” / “PAYNOW SALA”) in each calendar month.

Enjoy 3% cashback on Dairy Farm International (“DFI") transactions (Cold Storage, CS Fresh, Giant, Guardian, 7-Eleven, Marketplace, Jasons and Jasons Deli), 3% cashback on Shopee Singapore transactions (excludes ShopeePay), 3% on SimplyGo^NEW (bus and train rides) & 1% cashback on Grab transactions (excludes mobile wallet top-ups) with a minimum monthly spend of S$500. Cashback is capped at S$20 per calendar month across DFI, Shopee Singapore & Grab transactions. Click here for UOB One Debit Card Terms and Conditions.

For new applicants who are not existing holders of any UOB debit cards issued by UOB in Singapore, they will enjoy:

• Additional 7% cashback (on top of the 3% cashback under the UOB One Debit Cards Cashback Programme) on:
  1. Shopee Singapore Transactions
  2. Dairy Farm Singapore Transactions
  3. SimplyGo (bus and train rides only) Transactions
      
• Additional 9% cashback (on top of the 1% cashback under the UOB One Debit Cards Cashback Programme) on Grab Transactions.

For full terms and conditions governing 10% Cashback promotion, please click here.

Total interest is equivalent to Base Interest plus Bonus Interest; where current Base Interest is 0.05% p.a., Bonus Interest is paid up to S$100,000 in your One Account. Base Interest is calculated at the end of each day based on each day-end balance and Bonus Interest is calculated at the end of each calendar month based on the monthly average balance. Monthly average balance is the summation of each day end balance for each month divided by the number of calendar days for that month.

The maximum annual interest for deposits of S$100,000 in the One Account is S$5,000 and is calculated based on the maximum effective interest rate (EIR) of 5.00% p.a., provided customers meet both criteria of S$500 eligible card spend AND a min. S$1,600 salary credit via GIRO/PAYNOW (with the transaction reference “SALA” / “PAYNOW SALA”) in each calendar month.

Maximum effective interest rate (EIR) on the One Account is 0.65% p.a. for deposits of S$75,000, provided customers meet criterion of S$500 eligible card spend in each calendar month.

Maximum effective interest rate (EIR) on the One Account is 3.00% p.a. for deposits of S$75,000, provided customers meet both criteria of S$500 eligible card spend AND 3 GIRO debit transactions in each calendar month.

Maximum effective interest rate (EIR) on the One Account is 5.00% p.a. for deposits of S$100,000, provided customers meet both criteria of S$500 eligible card spend AND a min. S$1,600 salary credit via GIRO/PAYNOW (with the transaction reference “SALA” / “PAYNOW SALA”) in each calendar month.

Eligible Card spend transactions are based on the following

• Eligible Visa/MasterCard local and foreign retail transactions subjected to the exclusions mentioned below;
• Insurance payments made on a recurring basis on selected credit or debit cards;
• Total posted retail transactions by the selected Credit Card(s) principal and supplementary holder plus any spending on the selected Debit card(s); and
• Transactions posted within a CALENDAR month

UOB Credit and Debit Cards that are eligible to earn bonus interest on the UOB One Account include UOB One Card, UOB Lady’s Card (all card types), UOB EVOL Card, UOB One Debit Visa Card, UOB One Debit Mastercard, UOB Lady’s Debit Card and UOB Mighty FX Debit Card.

See here for full list of retail transactions.

Note:

A UOB One Debit Mastercard will be automatically issued to you if your UOB Credit Card (UOB One Card/UOB Lady’s Card/UOB EVOL Card) application is unsuccessful.
UOB Lady's Card refers to any UOB Lady's/Lady's Platinum/Lady's Solitaire Credit and/or Lady’s Debit Cards issued by UOB.
UOB Direct Visa Debit Card & UOB Debit Mastercard has now been renamed to UOB One Debit Visa & UOB One Debit Mastercard respectively.

Credit a min. of S$1,600 salary monthly to your UOB One Account to earn higher interest on your savings.

Eligible Salary credit transactions are

• made through GIRO/PAYNOW with the transaction reference "SALA“ / "PAYNOW SALA“
• successfully credited within the CALENDAR Month

To credit your salary credit to the UOB One Account, you will need to notify your HR department on your new account number.
If applicable, you can use the template we have developed for you to send it to your HR department. Email your HR to make the switch now!

See here for transactions excluded from Salary credit transactions.

You need to make a min. of 3 GIRO debit transactions payable to any Billing Organisations with the bank. Eligible transactions must be posted within the calendar month.

GIRO transactions are dependent on Billing Organisations and deduction dates are determined by the Billing Organisations. For payments that are due at month end or beginning of the month, there is a risk that the deduction will flow to next month or be brought forward.

To facilitate your GIRO instructions, you can follow one of the steps below:

• Sign up/in via UOB Personal Internet Banking and go to “Apply for” and choose “GIRO Arrangement”. You will be able to apply directly with the following Billing Organisations online:
  Geneco Seraya Energy
  • HDB
  • IRAS
  • PacificLight Energy Pte Ltd
  • UOB Credit Card Centre
  

  Note that GIRO arrangement for Mortgage loans and Car loans do not count towards the eligible GIRO transactions for bonus interest.
  
  

• For Billing Organisations that are not found in UOB Personal Internet Banking and require dedicated GIRO forms, please download the forms here:
  • Prudential
  • Singtel
  • M1
  • Starhub
  • SP Services
  
  
• For Billing Organisations that accept a GIRO form from UOB, you can download it here.

See here for transactions excluded from GIRO debit transactions

Total interest is equivalent to Base Interest plus Bonus Interest; where current Base Interest is 0.05% p.a., Bonus Interest is paid up to S$100,000 in your One Account. Base Interest is calculated at the end of each day based on each day-end balance and Bonus Interest is calculated at the end of each calendar month based on the monthly average balance. Monthly average balance is the summation of each day end balance for each month divided by the number of calendar days for that month.

Maximum effective interest rate (EIR) on the One Account is 0.65% p.a. for deposits of S$75,000, provided customers meet criterion of S$500 eligible card spend in each calendar month. 

Maximum effective interest rate (EIR) on the One Account is 3.00% p.a. for deposits of S$75,000, provided customers meet both criteria of S$500 eligible card spend AND 3 GIRO debit transactions in each calendar month. 

Maximum effective interest rate (EIR) on the One Account is 5.00% p.a. for deposits of S$100,000, provided customers meet both criteria of S$500 eligible card spend AND a min. S$1,600 salary credit via GIRO/PAYNOW (with the transaction reference “SALA” / “PAYNOW SALA”) in each calendar month.

Enjoy up to 3.33% cashback based on a retail spend of S$2,000, S$1,000 or $$500 and min. 5 transactions per statement month for each qualifying quarter to earn the quarterly cashback of S$200, S$100 or S$50 respectively. Please note that exclusions apply. Cardmembers who have been awarded the S$100 or S$50 quarterly cashback will get an additional 5% cashback and cardmembers who have been awarded $200 quarterly cashback will get an additional 6.67% cashback on the total Dairy Farm International such as Cold Storage, CS Fresh Giant, Guardian, 7-Eleven, Marketplace, Jasons, Jasons Deli, Grab (excludes mobile wallet top-ups), Shopee Singapore transactions (excludes ShopeePay), SimplyGo (bus and train rides)^NEW and UOB Travel (excludes online and flight only bookings) and additional 1.67% cashback on Shell transactions successfully charged and posted to the Card Account in each statement month. All Cardmembers who have been awarded the quarterly cashback will get an additional 1% cashback on Singapore Power utilities bill (excluding payments via AXS) successfully charged and posted to the Card Account in each statement month. Additional cashback will be capped at S$100 per month. Please refer to the full set of Terms and Conditions.

Enjoy up to 5% cash rebate based on a retail spend of S$2,000 and min. 5 transactions per statement month for each qualifying quarter to earn the quarterly cash rebate of S$300. Enjoy up to 3.33% cash rebate based on a retail spend of S$1,000 or S$500 and min. 5 transactions per statement month for each qualifying quarter to earn the quarterly cash rebate of S$100 or S$50 respectively. Cardmembers who have been awarded the quarterly cash rebate will get an additional 5% rebate on the total Dairy Farm Singapore such as Cold Storage, Giant, Guardian, 7-Eleven, Marketplace, Jasons, Jasons Deli, Grab (excludes mobile wallet top-ups), Shopee Singapore (excludes Shopee Pay) and UOB Travel (excludes online and flight only bookings) transactions successfully charged and posted to the Card Account in each statement month. Cardmembers who have been awarded the quarterly cash rebate will get an additional 1% rebate on the Singapore Power utilities bill (excluding payments via AXS) successfully charged and posted to the Card Account in each statement month. Additional rebates will be capped at S$100 per month. Visit uob.com.sg/one for full terms and conditions.

Get S$300 cash credit (UOB Credit Card Acquisition November 2022 Promotion):

For the first 100 new-to-UOB credit card customers who successfully apply for a selected UOB credit card by 30 November 2022 or the first 200 new-to-UOB credit card customers who successfully apply for a selected UOB credit card by 31 December 2022 and they have spent a minimum of S$1,000 per month for 2 consecutive months from card approval date, they will receive a one-time cash credit of S$300. Click here for full terms and conditions.

Up to S$120 cash credit comprising EITHER 1a) S$60 cash credit, OR 1b) S$30 cash credit and 2) S$10 cash credit and 3) S$50 cash credit:

1a) S$60 cash credit is only for the first 200 New-to-UOB Deposit customers per calendar month who:

• Successfully open a new Eligible UOB Account* online from 1 August 2022 to 31 October 2022, and
• Deposits at least S$5,000 into their new UOB account within the account opening month and hold it till the end of the following calendar month.

 
OR
 

1b) S$30 Cash Credit is only for the first 200 Existing-to-UOB Deposit customers per calendar month who:

• Successfully open a new Eligible UOB Account* online from 1 August 2022 to 31 October 2022;
• Deposit at least S$5,000 of fresh funds into their new UOB Account within the account opening month and hold it till the end of the following calendar month; and
• Fresh funds deposited into the new UOB Account must result in a corresponding increase of at least S$5,000 when compared against the total amount standing to the credit of all other UOB current accounts and/or savings accounts of the customer as at 31 July 2022.

 
AND
 
2) S$10 cash credit for customers who have:

• Register with PayNow and link their New Account to either their NRIC or FIN; and
• Remain registered as a UOB PayNow user for at least 1 month (Not eligible to customers who previously registered with PayNow and linked their UOB Account to either their mobile number, NRIC or FIN; and then deregistered that said UOB Account from PayNow before or during the Promotion Period)

*Eligible UOB Account: UOB Lady’s Savings Account, UOB Uniplus Account, UOB Stash Account, UOB KrisFlyer Account and/or UOB One Account. Click here for full terms and conditions.
 
AND

3) S$50 cash credit is available under the UOB Salary Credit Campaign (1 March 2022 to 31 December 2022) for customers who have:

• Successfully submitted an online participation form here; and
• Successfully credit monthly salary (of at least S$1,600) into an Eligible UOB Account via GIRO within two calendar months from the date of submission of the participation form.

Click here for the Terms and Conditions governing UOB Salary Credit Campaign (1 March 2022 to 31 December 2022).

Applicable to New to UOB customers who are Singaporeans/PRs with Myinfo login and existing UOB customers applying as a single-named applicant with Myinfo login or bank details online. Applications submitted between 8.30am to 9pm will be opened instantly. Applications received outside these times will be processed the next working day. Applications are subject to UOB’s approval.

Incremental Fresh Funds are measured against your Eligible Account’s day-end balance as at 30 June 2023.

Earmarked’ means that the Incremental Fresh Funds deposited will not be reflected in the Eligible Account statements and cannot be withdrawn.

Eligible Accounts: UOB Passbook Savings Account, UOB Uniplus Account, UOB One Account, UOB Stash Account and UOB Lady's Savings Account. UOB National Savings Promotion (“Promotion”) is only valid from 1 July 2023 to 30 September 2023, both dates inclusive (“Promotion Period”). You are required to deposit incremental fresh funds in the specified amount (“Participating Deposit”) into your Eligible Account during the Promotion Period, successfully submit an online participation form to UOB for this Promotion during the Promotion Period and maintain the Participating Deposit in your Eligible Account until the end of Earmark Period. Cash credit awarded in this Promotion depends on your actual Participating Deposit amount for this Promotion. Participants who are eligible to receive a cash credit under this Promotion will automatically enrolled into the Lucky Draw and stand a chance to be one of the 58 winners to win S$200 BreadTalk Rewards Card. Further, participants who do not have a UOB current or savings account prior to the commencement of the Promotion Period and are eligible to receive a cash credit under this Promotion will also be eligible to receive an additional one-time reward of S$100. Full terms and conditions apply and can be accessed here.

Click here for Full Terms and Conditions governing UOB Transactional Campaign (1 July 2023 to 30 September 2023).

Eligible UOB Account: UOB Passbook Savings Account, UOB Uniplus Account, UOB Stash^® Account, UOB One Account, UOB Lady’s Savings Account or KrisFlyer UOB Account.

This is based on first S$100,000 balance in UOB One Account and first S$100,000 balance in UOB Stash Account. The maximum annual interest for deposits of S$100,000 in the UOB Stash Account is S$3,000 and is calculated based on the maximum effective interest rate (EIR) of 3% p.a., provided the customer’s Monthly Average Balance (MAB) for the present calendar month is equal to or more than the MAB for the preceding calendar month. The maximum annual interest for deposits of S$100,000 in the UOB One Account is S$5,000 and is calculated based on the maximum effective interest rate (EIR) of 5.00% p.a., provided customers meet both criteria of S$500 eligible card spend AND a min. S$1,600 salary credit via GIRO/PAYNOW (with the transaction reference “SALA” / “PAYNOW SALA”) in each calendar month. Terms and conditions apply.

Get an Apple AirTag and/or Up to S$188 cash credit comprising of:

1a) EITHER S$58 cash credit OR 1b) S$30 cash credit;

2a) EITHER an Apple AirTag OR 2b) S$20 cash credit; and

3) up to S$130 cash credit:

EITHER

1a) S$58 cash credit is only for the first 150 New-to-UOB Deposits customers for each Tactical Promotion Date (i) who submit an online account opening application for a new eligible account on 9 August 2023, 11 August 2023, 18 August 2023, 25 August 2023, 1 September 2023, 8 September 2023, 15 September 2023, 22 September 2023 and 29 September 2023 (each, a “Tactical Promotion Date”), (ii) whose application is successfully approved by 30 September 2023, and (iii) deposit min. S$5,800 of Fresh Funds into their new UOB account in the account opening month, and (iii) hold the deposited Fresh Funds till the end of the following calendar month.

Or

1b) S$30 cash credit is only for the first 580 customers per calendar month (i) who submit an online account opening application  between 1 August to 30 September 2023 for a new eligible account, (ii) whose application is successfully approved by 30 September 2023, and (iii) deposit min. S$5,800 of Fresh Funds into their new UOB account during the account opening month, and (iii) hold the deposited Fresh Funds till the end of the following calendar month. For Existing-to-UOB Deposit customers, the fresh funds deposited into the new SGD UOB account must result in a corresponding increase of at least S$5,800  when compared against the total amount standing to the credit of all your other UOB current accounts and/or savings accounts as at 31 July 2023.

Eligible Account: UOB Stash Account, UOB Uniplus Account, KrisFlyer UOB Account, UOB Lady’s Saving Account or UOB One Account.

Click here for full terms and conditions governing the UOB Online Account Opening Promotion (1 August to 30 September 2023) and the full terms and conditions governing UOB Online Account Opening National Day Promotion (9 August to 30 September 2023).

For the avoidance of doubt, if you are amongst the first 150 New-to-UOB Deposits customers to satisfy all of the requirements for the S$58 cash credit promotion for a Tactical Promotion Date, you are only eligible to receive one (1) S$58 cash credit. You will not be entitled to receive additional quantities of the S$58 cash credit and/or the S$30 cash credit, regardless of the number of new UOB accounts opened during the promotion period.

If you are not a New-to-UOB Deposit customer or not within the first 150 to satisfy all of the requirements for the S$58 cash credit promotion for a Tactical Promotion Date, you may be entitled to the platform offer of S$30 cash credit if you are the first 580 eligible participants in each calendar month to satisfy all requirements of the platform offer.

And

EITHER

2a) Apple AirTag is only for the first 150 New-to-UOB Deposits customers for each Tactical Promotion Date (i) who applies on a Tactical Promotion Date for a new MightyFX account while applying for a new UOB One Account or KrisFlyer UOB Account on the same day, (ii) link the Mighty FX account to the new UOB One Account or KrisFlyer UOB Account and (iii) whose application is successfully approved by 30 September 2023.

Click here for full terms and conditions governing the August and September 2023 UOB Mighty FX NDP acquisition offer.

Or

2b) S$20 cash credit is only for the first 580 customers per calendar month (i) who submit an online account opening application for a UOB Mighty FX between 1 August to 30 September 2023 for new UOB Mighty FX and (ii) whose application is successfully approved by 30 September 2023.

Click here for full terms and conditions governing the August and September 2023 UOB Mighty FX platform acquisition offer.    

And

3) S$130 cash credit is for customers who have successfully submitted an online participation form available at UOB Singapore website to participate in the UOB Transactional Campaign (1 July 2023 to 30 September 2023):

(i) S$30 GIRO Payment Cash Reward for customers who successfully perform a bill payment of min. S$30 per transaction from an eligible UOB Account via GIRO within the next two calendar months from the date of submission of the online participation form.

(ii) S$50 Salary Cash Reward for customers who successfully credit monthly salary of min. S$1,600 into an eligible UOB Account via GIRO or PayNow within the next two calendar months from the date of submission of the online participation form. Full-time National Serviceman (NSF) customers must successfully credit a monthly salary or allowance of min. S$500.

(iii) S$50 CDP Credit Cash Reward for customers who successfully credit CDP dividends (min. S$50) into an eligible UOB Account via Direct Credit Service within the next six calendar months from the date of submission of the online participation form.

Click here for full terms and conditions governing the UOB Transactional Campaign (1 July 2023 to 30 September 2023).

SGD deposits are insured up to S$75k by SDIC.

Applicable to New to UOB customers who are Singaporeans/PRs with MyInfo login and existing UOB customers applying as a single-named applicant with Myinfo login or bank details online. Applications submitted between 8.30am to 9pm will be opened instantly. Applications received outside these times will be processed the next working day. Applications are subject to UOB’s approval.

Up to S$120 cash credit comprising of EITHER 1a) S$70 cash credit, OR 1b) S$30 cash credit and 2) S$50 cash credit

• 1a) S$70 cash credit is only for the first 200 New to UOB Deposits customers per calendar month who:

  • Successfully open a UOB Lady's Savings Account, UOB Uniplus Account, UOB Stash Account, UOB KrisFlyer Account and/or UOB One Account online between 1 November 2022 to 31 December 2022; and
  • Deposit at least S$5,000 into their new UOB account within the account opening month and hold it till the end of the following calendar month.
  
  OR
   

• 1b) S$30 Cash Credit is only for the first 200 existing to UOB Deposits customers per calendar month who:

  • Successfully open a UOB Lady's Savings Account, UOB Uniplus Account, UOB Stash Account, UOB KrisFlyer Account, or UOB One Account online between 1 November 2022 to 31 December 2022;
  • Deposit at least S$5,000 of fresh funds into their new UOB account within the account opening month and hold it till the end of the following calendar month; and
  • Fresh funds deposited into the new UOB account must result in a corresponding increase of at least S$5,000 when compared against the total amount standing to the credit of all other UOB current accounts and/or savings accounts of the customer as at 31 October 2022.

  Click here for full terms and conditions.

  
  And
   

• 2) S$50 cash credit is available under the UOB Salary Credit Campaign (1 March 2022 to 31 December 2022) for customers who have:

  • Successfully submitted an online participation form here; and
  • Successfully credit monthly salary (of at least S$1,600) into an Eligible UOB Account via GIRO within two calendar months from the date of submission of the participation form.
  
  

  Click here for the Terms and Conditions governing UOB Salary Credit Campaign (1 March 2022 to 31 December 2022).

Maximum effective interest rate (EIR) on the One Account is 0.65% p.a. for deposits of S$75,000, provided customers meet criterion of S$500 eligible card spend in each calendar month.

Maximum effective interest rate (EIR) on the One Account is 3.00% p.a. for deposits of S$75,000, provided customers meet both criteria of S$500 eligible card spend AND 3 GIRO debit transactions in each calendar month. 

Maximum effective interest rate (EIR) on the One Account is 5.00% p.a. for deposits of S$100,000, provided customers meet both criteria of S$500 eligible card spend AND a min. S$1,600 salary credit via GIRO/PAYNOW (with the transaction reference “SALA” / “PAYNOW SALA”) in each calendar month.

Up to 15% cashback: Valid for New-to-UOB Credit Cardmembers
Cardmembers who successfully apply between 1 October to 31 December 2022. Cardmembers who have been awarded the $50 or $100 quarterly and 5% additional partner cashback will get an additional promotional 6.67% cashback. Cardmembers who have been awarded $200 quarterly and additional 6.67% cashback will get an additional promotional 5% cashback on the total Dairy Farm International such as Cold Storage, CS Fresh Giant, Guardian, 7-Eleven, Marketplace, Jasons, Jasons Deli, Grab (excludes mobile wallet top-ups), Shopee Singapore transactions (excludes ShopeePay), SimplyGo (bus and train rides)^NEW and UOB Travel (excludes online and flight only bookings) transactions successfully charged and posted to the Card Account in each statement month. Additional promotional cashback will be capped at S$100 per month. Click here for full terms and conditions.

Up to 10% cashback: Valid for Existing-to-UOB Credit Cardmembers
Cardmembers who have been awarded the S$100 or S$50 quarterly cashback will get an additional 5% cashback and cardmembers who have been awarded $200 quarterly cashback will get an additional 6.67% cashback on the total Dairy Farm Singapore such as Cold Storage, CS Fresh Giant, Guardian, 7-Eleven, Marketplace, Jasons, Jasons Deli, Grab (excludes mobile wallet top-ups), Shopee Singapore transactions (excludes ShopeePay), SimplyGo^NEW (bus and train rides) and UOB Travel (excludes online and flight only bookings) and additional 1.67% cashback on Shell transactions successfully charged and posted to the Card Account in each statement month. All Cardmembers who have been awarded the quarterly cashback will get an additional 1% cashback on Singapore Power utilities bill (excluding payments via AXS) successfully charged and posted to the Card Account in each statement month. Additional cashback will be capped at S$100 per month.

• The operating mandate will be Joint-OR (either party to sign). Both account holders can access the funds in the account.
• Each customer can only hold 1 One Account as Primary Account Holder. Customer who initiated the application will be defaulted as the Primary Account Holder.
• To earn bonus interest, the Primary Account Holder must spend a min of S$500 on his/her eligible card. Spend charged to the card of the secondary account holder will not be considered as eligible card spend to earn bonus interest.
• Transactions made by the Secondary Account Holder will also affect the monthly average balance.
• All promotions are applicable for the Primary Account Holders only unless otherwise stated.

Note: Customer can choose to apply for a joint account in the application by providing the joint applicant details. An email will be generated to the joint applicant to inform him/her that he/she has been nominated by the main applicant. The joint applicant would be required to complete the application within 7 working days.

Who is a Primary Account Holder?

The Primary Account Holder will be the main applicant when the application is submitted. It will be displayed as the first name under the Account Holder’s Name.

For illustration purposes only:
Account Holder’s Name: Ms Wendy Tan &/or Ms Alice Tan
Primary Account Holder: Ms Wendy Tan
Secondary Account Holder: Ms Alice Tan

Instant approval refers to a conditional approval for a UOB Property Loan, and is granted based on the information provided by the applicant. It is processed and approved by UOB, and is subject to the applicable terms and conditions, including the necessary documentation verification and completion.